Update Information You Should Know

Dear students:

In the course of pursuing the excellence of English writing, reading useful, crucial, and relevant materials plays a significant role in terms of justifying your position in your exposition. Not only are you supposed to read extensively; you also need to learn the writing tactics utilized by other outstanding writers, as I always say, if that writer makes use of these words, phrases, and sentence patterns, undoubtedly, you should be adept in those skills as well. Moreover, what really matters is practice on your own, applying what you have learned and what you have read to your essays will directly benefit you to an unexpected extent.

The following articles can serve as your references, which contain statistical information and general knowledge, offering evidence to support your ideas. In order not to hinder your comprehension, I decided to leave the Chinese translation for you so that you won't suffer from their exact meanings. I sincerely hope that you can read them through carefully and memorize the imperative messages inside, as well as picking up their writing patterns. Practice always makes perfect!

Good luck to you,
BR, Christine



Boys, girls as young as 10 aren't always happy with their bodies

L.A., Los Angeles Times ─ Being unhappy with one's body has become a popular pastime, but those engaging in it are getting younger, and they're not all female.
Boys and girls ages 10 and 11 aren't always happy with their bodies, even if they're normal weight. Researchers from Harvard University and the University of Alberta in Canada examined data from the 2003 Children's Lifestyle and School-Performance Study, a survey of fifth-graders from Nova Scotia, Canada. Height and weight measurements were taken on 4,254 students who also were asked to respond to the statement, "I like the way I look." Response choices included "never or almost never," "sometimes" and "often or almost always."

Among the students, 7.3 percent of girls and 7.8 percent of boys had bad body satisfaction. Among normal weight girls, 5.7 percent had poor body satisfaction, among overweight girls, 10.4 percent, and among obese girls, 13.1 percent.

Among normal weight boys, 7.6 percent reported bad body satisfaction; among overweight boys, 8.4 percent, and among obese boys, 8.1 percent.

The higher a girl's body mass index, the more likely she was to report poor body satisfaction. However, boys were most unhappy with how they looked when they were too thin or too fat.

Researchers also discovered that girls who lived in rural areas and had parents with lower education levels were more likely to report bad body satisfaction.

The study, published this month in the journal BMC Public Health, concluded: "Given the links between body satisfaction, weight-related behaviors, and weight gain in youth, public health initiatives for overweight prevention with children may be strengthened through better understanding of factors underlying gender differences in body satisfaction and the mechanisms by which living in families with low parental education and in rural communities contribute to poorer body satisfaction among pre-adolescent girls."

十歲小孩也不一定滿意自己的身材

洛杉磯，洛杉磯時報 — 對自己的身材感到不滿意已成為「全民運動」，開始有這種想法的年齡層愈來愈低，而且並非只有女性才這樣認為。
哈佛大學跟加拿大艾爾柏塔大學研究人員，針對加拿大新斯科細亞省國小五年級學生進行調查，他們檢視二００三年兒童學校表現及生活方式的研究數據發現，年齡在十歲及十一歲的男女生即使體重在正常範圍內，對自己的身材還是常感到不滿意。

研究人員為四千兩百五十四位學生進行身高體重測量，並請他們回答「我對自己外表滿意度」的評估問卷，回答選項包括「從不或是幾乎不」、「有時」、以及「經常或總是」。

在這群受訪學生中，有百分之七點三的女生跟百分之七點八的男生對自己的身材不滿意。而體重正常女生之中，有百分之五點七對自己的身材不滿意，超重與肥胖的女生中不滿意比例則分別為百分之十點四和百分之十三點一。

體重正常的男生之中，有百分之七點六做出負面評價，超重與肥胖的男生則分別佔百分之八點四和百分之八點一。

身體質量指數愈高的女生愈有可能回答負面評價，但在男生方面，他們在太瘦或太胖時對外觀比較不滿意。

研究人員同時發現住在鄉村地區，且父母教育程度較低的女孩較有可能對自己的身材不滿意。

這份刊登在BMC公共衛生研究文錄期刊上的研究結果認為：「有鑒於身體滿意度、體重相關的行為與青少年時期體重增加間的關連，透過了解不同性別對身材滿意度的潛在差異性，與鄉村地區家庭雙親教育程度較低造成青少年前期的女孩對身材較不滿意的過程，可讓預防兒童體重過重的公共健康方案更有效地行。」


Average gamer is 35, often overweight and sad: study

NEW YORK, Reuters — Video games might be regarded as an obsession for youngsters but in fact the average player is aged 35, often overweight, introverted and may be depressed, according to a U.S. study.
Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention looked at the behavior of 552 adults aged between 19 to 90 from the Seattle-Tacoma area.

They found 249 of these, or around 45 percent, were video game players, with men accounting for 56 percent of these.

The researchers found that the men who played video games weighed more and used the Internet more than other men.

Women who played video games reported greater levels of depression and poorer overall health than non-gamers with researcher James Weaver and his colleagues suggesting video gaming for adults may be a form of "digital self-medication."

Adult video gamers also seemed less outgoing, or extroverted, and less social and assertive than non-gamers.

This was consistent with prior research in adolescent video game enthusiasts that tied video game playing to sedentary habits, weight issues and mental health concerns.

Adult video gamers of both sexes relied more on the Internet for social support than non-gamers, which supports prior research suggesting that adult video game players may "sacrifice real-world social activities to play video games."

The study, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, concluded that there was "measurable" associations between playing video games and health risks.

"As hypothesized," the researchers reported, a higher body weight and a greater number of "poor mental health days" differentiated adult video gamers from non-gamers.

研究顯示：成人打電玩 身心健康皆堪憂

紐約，路透社 — 美研究顯示，也許一般認為電動遊戲是年輕人才會著迷，但事實是玩家的平均年齡達是卅五歲，他們通常體重過重、個性內向，而且可能鬱鬱寡歡。
美國疾病控制與預防中心的研究人員檢視西雅圖至塔可瑪地區五百五十二位十九歲到九十歲成人的行為。

他們發現其中兩百四十九位，或大約百分之四十五是電玩迷，而男性又佔了其百分之五十六。

研究學家發現，與其他男性相比，打電玩的男性體重較重，也較常上網。

女性電玩玩家與非玩家相比，較憂鬱且整體建康也較差；研究人員維佛及同僚認為電動遊戲對成年人來說，為一種「數位自我療癒」的形式。

成年電動玩家跟非玩家比起來，似乎較少外出或較內向，不善社交且缺乏自信。

這些結果跟之前針對青少年電玩狂熱者的研究一致，這項研究指出電動遊戲常與習慣長期久坐、體重問題、心理健康跟問題有關。

與非電動玩家相比，成年電動玩家無論男女都更依賴網路作為社交上支柱，驗證先前的研究顯示成年電動玩家有可能為了玩電玩而犧牲真實世界的社交活動。

這項在美國預防醫學期刊發表的研究歸納，玩電動遊戲與健康風險有重大的關連性。

研究學者報告指出：「如同先前所假設的，成年玩家跟非玩家的不同之處在於體重偏重及常常出現心理狀況較差的問題。」



Robot scientists can think for themselves

LONDON, Reuters — Watch out scientists -- you may be replaced by a robot.
Researchers have created machines that could reason, formulate theories and discover scientific knowledge on their own, marking a major advance in the field of artificial intelligence.

Such robo-scientists could be put to work unraveling complex biological systems, designing new drugs, modeling the world's climate or understanding the cosmos.

For the moment, though, they are performing more humble tasks.

At Aberystwyth University in Wales, Ross King and colleagues have created a robot called Adam that can not only carry out experiments on yeast metabolism, but also reason about the results and plan the next experiment.

It is the world's first example of a machine that has made an independent scientific discovery -- in this case, new facts about the genetic make-up of baker's yeast.

"On its own it can think of hypotheses and then do the experiments, and we've checked that it's got the results correct," King said in an interview.

Their next robot, Eve, will have much more brain power and will be put to work searching for new medicines.

King hopes the application of intelligent robotic thinking to the process of sifting tens of thousands of compounds for potential new drugs will be valuable in the hunt for treatments for neglected tropical diseases like malaria.

The researchers do not think robots will make scientists obsolete any day soon, but believe they could take over much of the routine work in research laboratories.

可自行思考的科學家機器人

倫敦，路透社 — 注意了，科學家們—你有可能被機器人所取代。
研究人員已研發出可推理，闡述理論並自己發堀科學新知的機器人，在人工智慧的領域裡是一重要的突破。

這樣的科學家機器人可闡明複雜的生物系統、設計新藥，模擬世界天氣或是理解宇宙。

雖然現階段，他們執行的都是比較簡單的任務。

威爾斯亞伯大學，金和同事們已製造出一名叫亞當的機器人，它不僅可以執行酵母新陳代謝實驗，還可以推論出結果並計劃下一個實驗。

這是世界上第一個機器獨立完成科學發現的例子，這個例子中，機器人在麵包師傅所使用的酵母的基因組成上有了新的發現。

他們下一個機器人，夏娃，將會有更多大腦能力，並將負責搜尋新藥。

金希望智慧型機器人思考，在新藥幾萬個化合物的轉移程序應用上，可以在類似像瘧疾這種備受忽略的熱帶疾病的療法搜尋上有所價值。

研究人員認為機器人短期之內不會完全替代科學家，但他們相信它們可以接手實驗室內大部分的例行工作。



On Darwin's 200th birthday, the theory of evolution is still controversial

LONDON, AP — It is well known that Charles Darwin's groundbreaking theory of evolution made many people furious because it contradicted the Biblical view of creation. But few know that it also created problems for Darwin at home with his deeply religious wife, Emma.
The 1859 publication of "On the Origin of Species" changed scientific thought forever – and generated opposition that continues to this day. It is this elegant explanation of how species evolve through natural selection that makes Darwin's 200th birthday on Feb. 12 such a major event.

More than 300 birthday celebrations are planned in Britain alone, where Darwin's face graces the 10-pound bill along with that of Queen Elizabeth II. Shrewsbury, the central England town where Darwin was born and raised, is holding a month-long festival for its most famous son. A permanent exhibition re-creating some of his most famous experiments is opening at Down House, his former home near London.

Even Darwin's ideological adversaries concede that he was a towering figure. "He was clearly extremely important, his thinking changed the world," said Paul Taylor, a spokesman for Answers in Genesis, a prominent group that rejects Darwin's theory of evolution in favor of a literal interpretation of the Bible. "We disagree with his conclusions, with the way he made extrapolations, but he was a very careful observer and we've got a lot to be grateful for."

Bob Bloomfield, special projects director at London's Museum of Natural History, said Darwin was cautious not only because he didn't want to offend his wife, but also because he understood that the concept of man's evolution from other animals was controversial. He didn't want to present it simply as a hypothesis, but as an explanation buttressed by many observations and facts.

達爾文誕辰兩百週年，其理論仍具爭議

倫敦，美聯社 — 眾所皆知達爾文創新的進化理論讓許多人憤怒，因為他所提出的理論與聖經上帝造物的說法相矛盾。但是很少人知道這也造成了達爾文與家裡虔誠的妻子，艾瑪之間的問題。
一八五九年出版的“物種起源”從此改變了科學論點，並產生持續到現在的反對論。這個對於物種如何由自然選擇中進化，簡練確切的解釋，讓達爾文在二月十二日的兩百週年誕辰為一重大事件。

單在英國就有超過三百多個計畫中的慶祝活動，達爾文的臉也和伊莉莎白二世女王的臉同在十元英鎊紙鈔上。在英國中部，達爾文出生成長的什魯斯伯裏，也為這個有名的同鄉舉行了一個月之久的慶祝活動。而在達爾文接近倫敦的故居“當屋”也正舉辦長期展覽，重現他部分最有名的實驗。

就算是達爾文意識形態的敵手也承認達爾文是位傑出的人物。「他顯然是非常重要的，他的想法改變了世界，」一個反對達爾文進化理論，支持聖經對生物起源闡釋的重要團體，創世紀解答的發言人泰勒說道。「我們不同意他的結論，和他推論的方式，但是他是一位仔細的觀察者，而我們對他則懷抱感激。」

倫敦自然歷史博物館的特別計畫領導布朗非表示，達爾文這麼地謹慎不僅是因為他不想侵犯到他的妻子，也是因為他了解人是由動物演化而來的概念是爭議的。他不想簡單地以假設提出演化論，他想用許多觀察和事實來支援這項解釋。


Flashy is out as men seek security at work

NEW YORK，Reuters — Forget fast cars and wild women. The recession has changed the way many younger men are living, with stability and security at work and home becoming top priorities, according to a survey.
It showed that men are putting a bigger emphasis on security in their jobs and at home in a return to traditionalism, including smartening up their wardrobes, although they are continuing to embrace new technology.

"We have seen a clear move by men toward seeking more security in their finances, in their relationships and in the workplace," said James Bassil, editor in chief of the Web site AskMen.com, which conducted the poll.

The annual lifestyle survey by AskMen.com included 50,000 men in their 20s, 30s and 40s who were questioned about how the economic crisis had impacted their lives.

It showed that five percent more men than last year said stability and security were key attractions in a new job while salary was no longer the most important factor.

Last year 21 percent said salary was the major consideration for any new job but this dropped to 14 percent in 2009, while the number of men who cited personal achievement as the major motivator rose to 40 percent from 34 percent.

Bassil said this shift toward a more traditional approach in the workplace was also reflected in attitudes toward relationships.

The survey showed 84 percent of men think it's important to have a girlfriend with serious "wife potential."

"We saw this move toward more traditional relationships in 2008 as well but the numbers spiked up in 2009 with 12 percent more saying it was important that a girl has "wife potential" and 15 percent more men believing in marriage," said Bassil.

不當型男，男性只要求工作保障

紐約，路透社— 別再肖想香車和美人了！一項調查顯示，經濟不景氣改變許多年輕人的生活方式，家庭及工作的穩定、保障成為優先考量。
調查顯示，雖然男性仍對科技趨之若鶩，但他們已逐漸重視工作保障和家庭的安全感，並逐漸回歸到傳統，包括使穿著變得簡約。

進行這項調查的AskMen.com總編輯巴錫爾表示：「我們已觀察到男性在理財、戀情和工作上尋求更多保障的明顯動作。」

AskMen.com進行這項每年的生活方式調查，對象包含廿多歲、卅多歲、四十多歲的男性共五萬人，並詢問經濟危機如何影響了他們的生活。

調查結果顯示，表示新工作的穩定和保障為主要吸引力的男性，比去年多出百分之五，而薪水不再是最重要的因素。

去年有百分之廿一的人表示，薪水高低是他們選擇新工作時的主要考量，但這項數據在二００九年跌落至百分之十四；而視個人成就為主要動力的人數由百分之卅四，上升至百分之四十。

巴錫爾表示，這項對工作更傳統的取向，也反映出男女關係態度轉變。

調查顯示，百分之八十四的男性認為，交一個有「有成為老婆可能性」的女朋友是很重要的。

巴錫爾指出：「我們在二００八年就發現戀情轉向傳統的改變，但二００九年的人數突然多了百分之十二，他們表示女生具有成為老婆可能性是很重要的，而相信婚姻的男性也多了百分之十五。」


Make-believe friends make kids' language skills better: study

WELLINGTON, Reuters — Parents, don't worry: Imaginary friends are good for children's language skills and may also benefit their performance at school, according to a New Zealand study.
The study, by University of Otago associate professor Elaine Reese and researcher Gabriel Trionfi, investigated the language skills of 48 boys and girls aged 5-1/2, of whom 23 had imaginary, or invisible, friends.

The researchers found that the children who played with these make-believe companions had more advanced narrative skills than children who did not engage in this type of play.

"Because children's storytelling skills are a strong predictor of their later reading skill, these differences may even have positive spinoffs for children's academic performance," Reese said in a statement on the university's Web site.

The children's language skills were assessed by measuring their vocabulary and their ability to retell a fictional story to a puppet, and then a realistic tale based on an outing or family event.

While children were not found to differ in their vocabulary levels, those with invisible companions told higher-quality stories, both about fictional and real events.

"Most importantly, the children with imaginary friends tailored their stories to the task. For fictional stories, they included more dialogue. For realistic stories, they provided more information about time and place compared to children without imaginary friends," Reese explained.

"We believe that children with imaginary friends may be getting extra practice at telling stories.

"First, they may be creating stories with their imaginary friends. Second, because their friends are invisible, children may recount their escapades to interested adults," Reese added.

幻想玩伴有益孩童語言技巧

威靈頓，路透社— 紐西蘭研究顯示，家中寶貝有「幻想玩伴」的父母不必擔心，這對他們的語言能力有幫助，也有利於學校的表現。
奧塔哥大學副教授莉茲和研究人員崔昂費，對四十八名五歲半的男女童進行調查，其中有廿三名孩童有「看不見的幻想朋友」。

研究人員發現，有虛幻同伴的小孩，敘述能力較不以這種方式玩的小孩更好。

莉茲於奧塔哥大學網頁的聲明中表示：「孩子們說故事的能力，可充分預測出他們往後的閱讀能力，這些不同之處對他們的課業帶來正面的附加利益。」

他們依據孩童的字彙量，和對木偶重新敘述虛構故事，然後描述出遊活動或家庭活動等真實故事的能力，判斷他們的語言技巧。

雖然結果沒有顯示孩子字彙層級不一，但有「幻想玩伴」的孩子，不管是虛構或是真實的故事都講的較好。

莉茲表示：「更重要的發現是，有『幻想朋友』的孩子會據故事添加情節。與沒有「幻想玩伴」的孩子相較，他們講虛構故事時，會加入更多對話；而換到真實故事時，他們會提供更多有關時間和地點的資訊。」

莉茲補充：「我們認為，有『幻想朋友』的小孩可獲得額外練習講故事的機會。首先，他們會與想像的朋友一起編故事；再來，因為這種朋友是無形的，小孩會跟有興趣的大人敘述他們與幻想朋友的冒險故事。」


Fathers spanked as children less likely to hit own kids

NEW YORK, Reuters — Fathers who were spanked as children are less likely to spank their own children than mothers who were spanked while young, according to a U.S. study.
Researchers from Ohio State University set out to see if 1990s parents followed the practices of their own mothers, but found parents today were showing a lot more affection to their children, reading to them more and spanking them less.

The study of 1,133 young adult parents, whose mothers took part in a 15-year study from 1979, found significant generational changes in parenting practices.

Overall, there was a large generational shift in which the second generation of parents was much less likely to spank than their own parents.

Second generation mothers who were spanked at least once a week were found to be nearly half as more likely to spank their own children compared to mothers who weren't spanked.

The study found only 28 percent of the second generation of fathers reported spanking their children compared to 43 percent of mothers.

"A little spanking of boys seems to deter (fathers) from spanking their own children later in life," said Vespa.

"The evidence suggests that mothers are more the disciplinarians in the family than fathers are today."

In general, the amount of affection that parents show their children has increased significantly over the generations.

Reading to children had also increased markedly. Nearly three times more mothers in the second generation reported reading to their children daily compared to their own parents.

兒時經歷體罰的家長較不會打小孩

紐約，路透社— 一項美國研究顯示，與在兒時被打屁股體罰的母親相比，兒時被打屁股體罰過的父親，比較不會對他們的小孩施以同樣的體罰。
俄亥俄州立大學的學者對九０年代家長們進行調查，以暸解家長們是否會依照上一輩的教育方式管教小孩，但發現現今的家長對孩子關愛多過於體罰，也常唸書給小孩聽。

共有一千一百卅三位年輕家長參與此項研究，而這些家長的媽媽們從一九七九年開始參與這項長達十五年的研究計畫，研究發現出管教方式因不同世代有重大變化

大體來說，最大的世代變化為第二代家長跟第一代家長比較起來偏好不進行體罰

每週至少被體罰一次的第二代母親與不被體罰的母親比較起來，對孩子進行體罰的可能性少了一半。

這項研究發現，只有百分之廿八的第二代父親會對孩子體罰，而會這樣的第二代母親則有百分之四十三。

「對男生小小的體罰會威懾他們，使他們日後不對自己的小孩進行體罰 」，威斯帕說道。

證據顯示，現今的家庭中，母親較父親更常擔任維持紀律的一方。

一般而論，家長對孩子的關懷程度隨著世代變換有顯著的增加。

閱讀書籍給小孩聽的父母也明顯增加，跟自己的父母比起來，將近三倍的第二代母親會每天唸書給孩子聽。


Kids should work with hands for brains' sake

LONDON, Reuters — British children's brain development is being threatened by their failure to work with their hands in school and at home, said a report released on Monday.
倫敦，路透社— 週一有份報告指出，由於英國兒童在學校及家中太少動手做事，導致影響大腦發展。

With woodwork, metalwork, craft, music or car mechanic classes dropped by many schools and children wanting to play computer games at home, the UK is becoming a "software instead of screwdriver society," said the report, commissioned by the Ruskin Mill Educational Trust.

拉斯金密爾教育信託基金會委託所做的報告指出，由於許多學校取消木工、金屬加工、工藝、音樂及汽車技工等課程，兒童又想在家中玩電腦遊戲，使英國正逐漸成為軟體而非螺絲起子架構的社會。

"Working with one's own hands in a real world 3-D environment is imperative for full cognitive and intellectual development," said the report's author Dr. Aric Sigman.

此份報告的作者西格曼博士認為，「在真實3D立體的世界裡，以自己雙手動手做事，對認知及智能發展是必要的。」

"Research is showing that increasing time spent in the virtual world of computers is displacing hands-on play and hands-on learning.

「研究顯示，愈來愈多花在電腦虛擬世界的時間正取代需要動手的遊戲及學習。」

"That allows young people to experience how the world works in practice, to gain an understanding of materials and processes and to make informed judgments about abstract concepts."

「動手做可以讓兒童親身體會世界實際上是如何運作的，理解物質與事物的流程，並對抽象的概念做出合理的判斷。」

The report cited examples of 11-year-olds with deficits in certain areas of their cognitive development and a decline in the ability of young engineers and apprentices to conceptualize straightforward mechanical problems.

報告引用幾位患有某部位認知發展不全的十一歲兒童與能力衰退的年輕工程師及學徒的例子，用以直接說明細節上的問題。

"The findings of this report clearly point to strengthening the role of '3-D' learning and crafts in educational policy-making today," said Sigman.

西格曼認為，「這項報告的發現點出，現今應加強3D學習及手工藝在教育政策裡的角色。」

"The implications for the economy are significant and will actually improve the workforce's ability to use computers in research, design and development.

「經濟發展的意義重大，將會提昇勞動力使用電腦的能力，用以搜尋、設計及發展。」

Sigman also warned class-obsessed Britons needed to drop their snobbish attitude towards hands-on vocational training within schools.

西格曼同時警告有階級迷思的英國人，必須屏除他們對學校的手工職業訓練不屑的態度。

"Working with your hands is considered 'declasse' and the sciences are often seen as 'trade'," said Dr Sigman.

西格曼表示，「動手做的工作被視為社會地位低下，而科學往往被視為一門手藝行業。Kids should work with hands for brains' sake

LONDON, Reuters — British children's brain development is being threatened by their failure to work with their hands in school and at home, said a report released on Monday.
倫敦，路透社— 週一有份報告指出，由於英國兒童在學校及家中太少動手做事，導致影響大腦發展。

With woodwork, metalwork, craft, music or car mechanic classes dropped by many schools and children wanting to play computer games at home, the UK is becoming a "software instead of screwdriver society," said the report, commissioned by the Ruskin Mill Educational Trust.

拉斯金密爾教育信託基金會委託所做的報告指出，由於許多學校取消木工、金屬加工、工藝、音樂及汽車技工等課程，兒童又想在家中玩電腦遊戲，使英國正逐漸成為軟體而非螺絲起子架構的社會。

"Working with one's own hands in a real world 3-D environment is imperative for full cognitive and intellectual development," said the report's author Dr. Aric Sigman.

此份報告的作者西格曼博士認為，「在真實3D立體的世界裡，以自己雙手動手做事，對認知及智能發展是必要的。」

"Research is showing that increasing time spent in the virtual world of computers is displacing hands-on play and hands-on learning.

「研究顯示，愈來愈多花在電腦虛擬世界的時間正取代需要動手的遊戲及學習。」

"That allows young people to experience how the world works in practice, to gain an understanding of materials and processes and to make informed judgments about abstract concepts."

「動手做可以讓兒童親身體會世界實際上是如何運作的，理解物質與事物的流程，並對抽象的概念做出合理的判斷。」

The report cited examples of 11-year-olds with deficits in certain areas of their cognitive development and a decline in the ability of young engineers and apprentices to conceptualize straightforward mechanical problems.

報告引用幾位患有某部位認知發展不全的十一歲兒童與能力衰退的年輕工程師及學徒的例子，用以直接說明細節上的問題。

"The findings of this report clearly point to strengthening the role of '3-D' learning and crafts in educational policy-making today," said Sigman.

西格曼認為，「這項報告的發現點出，現今應加強3D學習及手工藝在教育政策裡的角色。」

"The implications for the economy are significant and will actually improve the workforce's ability to use computers in research, design and development.

「經濟發展的意義重大，將會提昇勞動力使用電腦的能力，用以搜尋、設計及發展。」

Sigman also warned class-obsessed Britons needed to drop their snobbish attitude towards hands-on vocational training within schools.

西格曼同時警告有階級迷思的英國人，必須屏除他們對學校的手工職業訓練不屑的態度。

"Working with your hands is considered 'declasse' and the sciences are often seen as 'trade'," said Dr Sigman.

西格曼表示，「動手做的工作被視為社會地位低下，而科學往往被視為一門手藝行業。」